Design and Construction of Ball Balance System Using Pid Controller

Student: Terkuma Jeremiah Orjime (Project, 2025)
Department of Electrical /Electronics Engineering
Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Benue State


Abstract

This project presents the design and construction of a ball balance system controlled by a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller. The system is designed to maintain the position of a ball on a beam by automatically adjusting the beam’s angle through precise feedback control. A position sensor detects the ball’s location and sends the signal to a microcontroller, which processes the data and generates corrective actions through servo motors.The PID controller continuously minimizes the error between the desired and actual positions by applying proportional, integral, and derivative corrections, ensuring system stability, accuracy, and fast response.This project demonstrates the practical application of control system theory in automation and mechatronics. It serves as an educational platform for understanding feedback control, system modeling, and real-time signal processing in modern control engineering.

Keywords
PID controller ball balance system automation feedback control mechatronics.