Renal Response to Long Term Exposure to Cigarette Smoke in Wistar Rats

ABSTRACTCigarette smoking is a risk factor in kidney disease progression and its effectvia changes in the sympathetic nervous system and in the renal vasculature thatL_ead to increased systemic blood pressure and increased renovascular resistanceHave been shown to contribute to chronic kidney disease.It is necessary to evaluate the effects of cigarette smoking on renal functions and this research is to investigate the effect of lonpterm exposure of cigarette smoke on some serumelectrolytes,urea and creatinine level.The protective potential of Vitamin C was also investigated.After 14 days of acclimatization,the rats were randomlyAllocated to hwezexperimental groups,(n=6 per group);Group I served as the Control and was supplied clean water throughout the experiment.Group 2 servelas the cigarette exposed group,Group 3 served as the cigarette exposed and1000mg/kgbwt{kgbwt=Kilogram bodyweight) vitamin C treatment group.The experimental Groups 2 and 3 wereexposed to cigarette smoke 6 hours daily for 21 days. At theEnd of the experimental study period (21 days),the animals were civicallydecapitated and the blood sample was obtained from the animal and kept in EDTABottles.The blood samples were centrifuged and the serum was separated and kidney function parameters (Electrolytes,Urea and creatinine)were analyzed usingstandard laboratory techniques.From this study,cigarette alone(92.6+9.66) decreased serum chloride level withSignificant difference (p0.05)when compared with the control group (0.7910.03) Cigarette alone (146.2+6.33) decreased serum sodium level but not significantly(p>0.05)when compared with the control group (149+5.02).Cigarette alone (7.64+1.82)also decreased the serum potassium level but not significantly (p>0.05)whenCompared with the control group(7.64±1.99).Cigarette smoking causes serum electrolyte imbalance as show by an alteration in the serum creatinine,sodium,chloride and potassium levels.Smokers are thereforeAdvised to reduce or quit smoking and adoption of healthier lifestyles as well as Education on the dangers of smoking to the body should be encouraged.