Design and Construction of a Micro Controller-Based Modern Automatic Security Door

The design and construction of an automatic opening and closing door using fingerprint recognition technology is a modern approach to enhancing security and convenience in various applications, such as residential, commercial, and industrial settings. This system leverages biometric authentication, specifically fingerprint recognition, to provide authorized access while preventing unauthorized entry. The project integrates key components including a fingerprint sensor, microcontroller, motorized door mechanism, and power supply, offering an efficient and reliable solution for automated door control. Automated access control systems have gained significant attention in recent years due to their ability to enhance security and improve user experience. Traditional methods of access control, such as keys, passwords, and RFID cards, often suffer from limitations such as loss, theft, duplication, and unauthorized sharing. Biometric authentication, which uses unique physiological characteristics like fingerprints, offers a more secure and user-friendly alternative. Fingerprints are unique to each individual, making them ideal for applications where security is paramount. The automatic door system is designed to operate using fingerprint recognition technology, which ensures that only registered users can access the door. Fingerprint Sensor, is the core component of the system, responsible for scanning and identifying fingerprints. The sensor captures the fingerprint image and processes it to extract unique features, which are then compared with stored data to verify identity. The microcontroller acts as the brain of the system, managing the operations of the fingerprint sensor, motor, and other peripherals. It processes input signals, executes decision-making algorithms, and controls the opening and closing of the door. The door is operated using an electric motor, controlled by the microcontroller. Depending on the input from the fingerprint sensor, the microcontroller sends signals to the motor driver circuit to open or close the door. The system typically uses a DC motor or a servo motor, depending on the required torque and control precision. The construction of the automatic door involves integrating the fingerprint sensor with the microcontroller and the motorized door mechanism. The sensor is mounted at a convenient location near the door, allowing users to easily scan their fingerprints. The microcontroller is programmed to read the fingerprint data, compare it against stored entries, and decide whether to grant access. Upon successful identification, the microcontroller activates the motor to open the door. After a preset time or upon detecting the user has passed through, the microcontroller signals the motor to close the door.