Detection of Polymorphism of Hsp70 Gene Expression in Meleagris Gallopavo Using Polymerase Chain Reaction

This study investigates the presence of Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) gene in Meleagris gallopavo under natural condition in a tropical environment. The findings of the study were based on HSP70 gene, a molecular chaperone that helps cells endure stress by protecting proteins and stabilizing cellular function. The gene was amplified and examined to uncover its role in making Turkeys more heat-tolerant using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Agarose Gel Electrophoresis. Nine adult turkeys were selected after determining their genotype to cater for genetic variability. Blood was collected through branchial vein puncture and stored in EDTA bottle for extraction. High quality DNA was extracted from the blood, liver, brain and breast muscle tissue using Zymo Research Quick-DNA Minipret Kit. Primers was carefully designed and Amplification of a 1517 bp segment of the HSP70 gene was done using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Agarose gel electrophoresis confirmed the success of the PCR, revealing clear bands mostly at the expected 1517 bp, however, two samples showed unexpected bands (a 1200 bp band in sample LAA48 and a 100 bp band in BAB40), suggesting genetic polymorphisms. The results revealed that the liver showed the highest HSP70 gene expression, likely due to its role in metabolism and detoxification, while the brain and muscle ramped up expression under stress to protect vital functions. By knowing these genetic markers, this study lays the groundwork for breeding tougher, heat-resistant turkeys, which could boost poultry production and animal welfare in warming climates.