Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Arthrotec-Induced Testiculotoxicity in Wistar Rats

Arthrotec, a drug combination of diclofenac and misoprostol, is. commonly used for the management of arthritis and other inflammatory conditions. While its therapeutic effects are well-documented, there is growing concern about its potential adverse effects on male reproductive health. This study investigates the testiculotoxic effects of Arthrotec in Wistar rats, focusing on immunohistochemical markers of testicular damage. Adult male Wistar rats (n=24) were randomly divided into four groups: control, Arthrotec, Arthrotec + Vitamin C, and a recovery group treated with Vitamin C only followed by a withdrawal period. Treatments were administered orally for 30 days. Testicular tissues were harvested and processed for immunohistochemical analysis. Specific immunohistochemical markers, including proliferating cell nuclear antiger (PCNA) and apoptosis-related proteins (caspase-3 and Bc-2), were used to evaluate cell proliferation and apoptosis. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a significant reduction in PCNA expression, indicating impaired spermatogenesis, and increased caspase-3 expression, suggesting enhanced apoptosis. Bel-2 expression was significantly downregulated in the Arthrotec group, further confirming pro-apoptotic activity. Recovery group analyses showed partial restoration of testicular architecture and marker expression Arthrotec induces testicular toxicity in Wistar rats through mechanisms involving impaired spermatogenesis and increased apoptosis. These findings underscore the need for caution in Arthrotec, use among reproductive-age males and highlight the importance of further studies to elucidate its reproductive safety profile