Botanical Identity of Plant Drugs Based on Their Active Ingredients and Antimicrobial Activity on Pathogenic Organisms

Plants have many bio-active compounds which are potential medicinal agents. Herbal medicines are popular in developing countries, but of recent, there has been an increase in the use of herbal medicines in the developed world. Plants provide an alternate source for the search of neem , ginger,garlic , cinnamon and lemongrass treatments. There are plenty of plants in traditional medicine which have protective and therapeutic properties. The leaf, bark, oil, flower, fruit and seed exhibit great properties which include antiallergic, antifungal, antibiotic, antidermatic, antibacterial, antiinflammatory, insecticidal, larvacidal, antimalarial, anti-ulcer and other biological activities. The plant's drugs extracts where gotten by solvent extraction method while the anti-bacterial activity was tested using the Kirby Bauer sensitivity test. The ethanolic extract exhibited better and stronger antibacterial activity than the aqueous extract. This shows that neem plant, ginger , garlic, cinnamon and lemongrass has medicinal properties. Keywords: neem plant ginger, garlic, cinnamon and lemongrass, anti-bacterial activity, ethanolic extract, medicinal proper .The botanical identity of five selected plant drugs based on their active ingredients and antimicrobial activity on pathogenic organisms. All these plant drugs are used as medicine plant and as for neem plant it also used in agriculture and pest control. Neem plant, ginger, lemongrass also have pharmacology and therapeutic use , while cinnamon is used for controlling blood glucose levels,weight loss ,and respiratory use and garlic is used for boosting immune system, reduce blood pressure and bone health. The showed the presence of bioactive ingredient in each plant drugs and antimicrobial activity against various pathogenic organisms , all the antimicrobial activity were susceptible to the plant extracts at varied concentration 12.5mg/ml , 25mg/ml and 50mg/ml with means zone of inhibition that range between 25mm to 7mm for Escherichia coli of Neem 24mm to 10mm for Staphylococcus aureus. Garlic 25mm to 8mm for Escherichia coli, 25mm to 6mm for Staphylococcus aureus. Ginger 25mm to 8mm for Escherichia coli, 25mm to 6mm for Staphylococcus aureus.Cinnamon 25mm to 8mm for Escherichia coli, 25mm to 6mm for Staphylococcus aureus.lemongrass 24mm to 9mm for Escherichia coli, 20mm to 7mm for Staphylococcus aureus, for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli had the highest zone of inhibition of plant extracts and all these plant extracts has a batch number for Neem , voucher no. Kasu/BSH/8731, Cinnamon, voucher no. Kasu/BSH/1522, Garlic, voucher no. Kasu/BSH/991, Ginger , voucher no. Kasu/BSH/544, Lemongrass , voucher no . Kasu/BSH/277.