Development of an Iot-Based Monitoring System With Prediction Modelling for Solar Photovoltaic System

In today’s world, power takes an important role in day-to-day life. Power is generated by using different natural resources like solar, wind, and water. Solar energy is becoming the most commonly used alternative source of electricity. From the sun, light energy is converted into power with the use of solar panels. However, the efficiency of conventional fixed solar panels is often limited by suboptimal alignment with the sun’s position and environmental factors such as temperature, irradiance, and shading. This project presents Development of an IOT-based monitoring system with prediction modelling for solar photovoltaic system. Thus, the prediction of the output power of the photovoltaic panel becomes necessary for its efficient utilization. The system employs a single-axis solar tracking mechanism, controlled by an Arduino Uno and an MG995 servo motor, to dynamically adjust the panel’s orientation for maximum solar irradiance. Key parameters including temperature, humidity, light intensity and voltage are measured using a DHT11 sensor, LDR, and voltage sensor respectively. These real-time measurements are transmitted to a ThingSpeak cloud platform via an ESP8266 module for remote monitoring and data analysis. The developed predictive algorithm predicts the solar output based on the different environmental condition. Using Multiple Linear regression and random forest based on the data collected. The deviation of the predicted value from the actual value has a mean squared error of 0.6580. This showed that the developed model accurately fits the predicted value to the true value with a deviation of 0.6850 unit from the true value. The R-square error of 0.437 indicate that the model showed a good level of correlation between the predicted value and the true value. The developed monitoring system and prediction modelling when integrated into mobile graphical user interface has shown to be suitable for solar photovoltaic system.