Energy Diplomacy in the 21st Century: a Study of Opec Relations

Student: Cheri Edoja (Project, 2025)
Department of International Studies and Diplomacy
University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State

Abstract

This study examines the dynamics of Nigeria’s energy diplomacy within the framework of its membership in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). Since joining OPEC in 1971, Nigeria has played a crucial role in shaping global oil market policies and maintaining regional energy stability. The research explores how Nigeria balances its domestic economic priorities with its international obligations to OPEC, particularly in light of fluctuating oil prices, production quotas, and global energy transitions. Using qualitative research methods, including document analysis of official reports, scholarly works, and policy papers, the study evaluates the historical, political, and economic dimensions of Nigeria’s participation in OPEC. Findings reveal that while OPEC membership has strengthened Nigeria’s diplomatic influence and provided avenues for stable oil revenues, it has also created challenges, such as production restrictions, economic overreliance on oil, and vulnerability to global market volatility. The study concludes that Nigeria’s future in global energy diplomacy depends on strategic diversification, sustainable energy development, and the effective management of oil revenues to reduce dependence on crude oil exports.

Keywords
Energy diplomacy OPEC Nigeria oil economy renewable energy international relations energy policy.
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