The Use of Oil Extracted from Three Local Seeds( Soyabean, Moringa and Hemp Seed) in the Production of Soap

Soap is a salt of a fatty acid which is useful for industrial and domestic purposes.
All soap is made from either plant or animal fats and oils, mixed with basic
alkaline solutions through a phenomenon often known as saponification. The hot
process of soap making may be quick and faster and is often more beneficial at a
commercial setting than other two processes of soap making, although other
process like cold process is also preferred as it helps in preservation of material
and ingredients used during the soap making process. Some of the popular
techniques of oil extraction from plant seed include solvent extraction, cold press
and steam distillation, At industrial or domestic setting the choice of technique
may vary due to factors such as efficiency and even quantity. The solvent
extraction method, which involves the application of a solvent such as hexane and
ethanol for extraction of plant oil, is mostly effective for efficient plant oil
extraction. Different plant oil can be used for soap making as they provide
necessary fats and oils useful for saponification and also contribute to the soap's
cleansing, lathering, hardness and moisturizing properties. Moringaoleifera, often
referred to simply as Moringa, is a species of small tree that can grow up to 10 m
of the family Moringaceae. The moringa seeds, have attracted many scientific
interest as the kernels contain a significant amount of oil up to 40% with a high-
quality fatty acid composition greater than 70%. With a saponification value of
186.4 mg of KOH/g oil, soaps made with moringa oil produces a very creamy
lather and can serve many cosmetic purposes. The soybean, known scientifically as
Glycine max is one of the most important beans in the world economically,
providing vegetable protein for millions of people and ingredients for hundreds of
chemical products. Soybean boast a moisture content of more than 8.13%. some of
the benefits of soap making with the soybean oil include versatility across different
skin type and most importantly a good moisturizing feel. Comparing quality of the
hemp seed oil with other two seeds oil, asides from its medicinal and cosmotologic
importance soaps made with hemp seed oil have a balanced ratio of omega-6 to Omega-3 fatty acids