Antibiogram of Bacteria Isolated from Fish Pond Water

ABSTRACT
Fish is a vital source of high-quality protein for a significant portion of the global population, particularly in low-income regions. Yet, aquaculture faces challenges due to pathogenic bacteria that threaten fish health and, by extension, human health through consumption. Fish, particularly catfish and tilapia, serve as vital sources of protein, yet they can harbor pathogenic microorganisms that pose risks to human health. The study aimed to investigate the bacterial communities in fish ponds and assess the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of isolated bacteria in Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria. A total number of ten (10) water samples were collected from five (5) different sampling points, 5 each from the catfish and tilapia ponds respectively. Samples were analysed using sterile procedure Samples collected from Tilapia fish (T3) had the highest bacteria load (2.72×104cfu/ml) while Catfish (C2) samples had the lowest bacteria load (1.12×104cfu/ml), indicating substantial fecal contamination and poor water quality. The microbiological analysis revealed significant bacterial contamination, with Escherichia coli emerging as the most frequently isolated organism (42.86%), followed by Vibrio cholerae (33.33%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23.81%). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing highlighted alarming resistance patterns, with E. coli strains exhibiting high resistance to ceftazidime (44.44%) and chloramphenicol (44.44%), while remaining completely susceptible to ampicillin. V. cholerae demonstrated significant resistance to multiple antibiotics, including ceftazidime (42.86%), raising public health concerns due to the critical role of these drugs in treating severe infections. Moreover, the Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index (MARI) values ranged from 0.25 to 0.50, suggesting moderate resistance levels among isolates. These findings underscore the pressing need for improved aquaculture management practices, regular monitoring of water quality, and prudent antibiotic usage to mitigate health risks associated with contaminated fish and their products. By addressing these challenges, we can enhance food safety and public health while sustaining the aquaculture sector.