Proximate Composition, Functional Properties and Mineral Content of Fluted Pumpkin Seed Coat

ABSTRACT
This study investigates the proximate, functional, and mineral composition of Telfairia occidentalis seed coat to explore its potential applications in food and industrial systems. The proximate analysis revealed a moisture content of 8.515%, ash 3.9585%, fat 1.2105%, fiber 6.757%, protein 8.700%, and carbohydrate 71.062%, indicating that the seed coat is a fiber-rich and energy-dense material with moderate protein content. Functional properties such as water absorption capacity (145.545%), oil absorption capacity (92.665%), emulsification capacity (25.590%), foam capacity (36.175%), least gelation concentration (7.450%), and bulk density (0.695 g/mL) highlight its suitability for moisture retention, flavor enhancement, food stabilization, and efficient packing. Mineral analysis showed potassium (303.450 mg/kg) as the predominant mineral, followed by calcium (165.400 mg/kg) and sodium (52.850 mg/kg), alongside magnesium (15.375 mg/kg), iron (1.481 mg/kg), zinc (2.613 mg/kg), copper (0.983 mg/kg), manganese (0.776 mg/kg), and chloride (1.387 mg/kg). These results demonstrate the seed coat's potential as a source of essential nutrients and functional agents for food and non-food applications. The study concludes that Telfairia occidentalis seed coat could be effectively utilized for developing low-fat, fiber-rich food products, nutraceuticals, and environmentally sustainable materials.