A Historical Analysis of Responses of the World Health Organization to the Outbreak of Covid-19 (2019 - 2021)

Student: Jumoke Boluwatife Adurojaiye (Project, 2025)
Department of History and International Studies
Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State

Abstract

This study examines the responses of the World Health Organization (WHO) to the COVID-19 pandemic from 2019 to 2021. The primary aim is to analyze the effectiveness of WHO's strategies in mitigating the spread of the virus and providing global health leadership. Specific objectives include evaluating WHO's emergency preparedness, risk communication, and coordination with member states and international partners. The research methodology employs a qualitative approach, relying on secondary sources such as academic books, peer-reviewed journals, WHO reports and documents, and reputable online resources. The findings reveal that WHO played a crucial role in coordinating global responses to COVID-19, providing critical guidance on public health measures, and facilitating international collaboration. However, the study also highlights challenges faced by WHO, including criticisms of delayed response, inconsistent messaging, and limited authority over member states. Despite these challenges, WHO's efforts contributed significantly to the development of vaccines, diagnostic tools, and treatment protocols, ultimately saving millions of lives worldwide. The study provides valuable insights into WHO's response to COVID-19, informing future improvements in global health governance and pandemic preparedness.

Keywords
COVID 19 world health organization who historical analysis state of emergency global pandemic
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