Enhancing Disease Surveillance and Epidemiology Through Effective Health. Information Management: a Case Study of the University College Hospital (uch), Ibadan

Disease surveillance and epidemiology involve the systematic collection, analysis, and
interpretation of health related data to understand the distribution, determinants, and impact of
diseases in populations. In the face of persistent public health challenges, effective surveillance
systems remain critical in early detection and response to disease outbreaks. However, issues
such as poor data quality, fragmented systems, and limited technological infrastructure continue
to hinder efficiency in many low- and middle-income countries.
Descriptive study design was used and data were collected via self-administered questionnaires
from 130 health information managers using total enumeration. Data collected from field was
analyzed using descriptive statistics analysis, frequencies and percentages. SPSS version 25 was
used to analyze the data. Result was presented in a tabular form with frequency and percentage
to reveal the respondents’ view based on the objectives.
Findings revealed that while most health information professionals utilized a hybrid system, a
significant proportion still relied solely on traditional paper systems. Data collection was
primarily done through interviews, and storage was secured using locked cabinets and folders.
There were notable challenges including lack of training, insufficient staff, high personnel
turnover, poor data quality, and fragmentation in disease surveillance data analysis which hinder
timely reporting, collaboration, and data-driven decision-making, which are essential for
effective outbreak response
In conclusion, the study underscores the urgent need for structured capacity building, improved
digital infrastructure, and integrated surveillance systems to enhance disease detection and public
health response. Addressing these challenges is critical not only for UCH, Ibadan but also for
broader health systems across Nigeria. Enhancing these aspects can significantly contribute to
better public health outcomes at University College Hospital, Ibadan.