Prevalence and Knowledge of Lymphatic Filariasis in Abraka

Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a neglected tropical disease caused by infection with parasitic filarial worms—Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Brugia timori. These worms thrive in tropical and subtropical regions and are transmitted through mosquito bites. The infection leads to chronic swelling of the limbs, breasts, or genitals, a condition known as elephantiasis, which often causes disability, stigma, and economic hardship for affected individuals.

The study was conducted in Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria, between May and July 2024, to determine the prevalence of LF and assess residents’ knowledge about the disease based on gender, age, and occupation. A total of 150 individuals aged 18 years and above participated. Physical and blood examinations were used to identify cases of elephantiasis. Among 25 examined respondents, 9 were males (36.6%) and 16 were females (64.0%). The occupational distribution included farmers/fishers (40.0%), traders (40.0%), students (16.0%), and others (4.0%).

The overall prevalence of elephantiasis was 64.0% (16 cases), with females showing a higher prevalence (56.3%) than males (43.8%). The age group 18–30 years recorded the highest prevalence (43.8%), followed by 31–45 years (31.3%), while those aged 60 years and above had the lowest (6.3%). Awareness of lymphatic filariasis was generally poor, with 60.0% of respondents unaware of the disease. Only a few obtained information from mass media (4.0%), hospitals (8.0%), and community health workers (8.0%). Misconceptions were common: many attributed the disease to stepping on charms or juju (52.0%), while others blamed mosquito bites (8.0%), poor hygiene (8.0%), contaminated food (4.0%), or unknown causes (28.0%).

The study highlights the significant presence of LF in Abraka and underscores the urgent need for increased public health education, improved awareness, and targeted intervention programs to control and prevent lymphatic filariasis in the area.