An Analysis of Political Violence and the Survival of Democracy in Nigeria: a Study of Edo State

ABSTRACT
This study explores the intricate relationship between political violence and the survival of democracy in Nigeria, focusing specifically on Edo State. Nigeria's democratic journey has been marred by numerous challenges, with political violence emerging as a significant threat to its stability and growth. Edo State, as a microcosm of the broader Nigerian political landscape, provides a pertinent case for examining these dynamics. The research employs a mixed-method approach, integrating both qualitative and quantitative data to provide a comprehensive analysis. Interviews with key political actors, civil society representatives, and ordinary citizens offer deep insights into the causes, manifestations, and impacts of political violence. Additionally, statistical analysis of electoral data and incident reports sheds light on patterns and trends over recent electoral cycles. Findings indicate that political violence in Edo State is driven by a combination of factors, including poverty, unemployment, ethnic tensions, and the quest for political power. These elements create a volatile environment where democratic processes are frequently undermined. The study also highlights the role of state institutions, law enforcement, and the judiciary in either exacerbating or mitigating violence. Despite these challenges, the research identifies pockets of resilience and strategies employed by local communities and organizations to foster peaceful democratic engagement. Recommendations are provided for policymakers, suggesting reforms in electoral processes, enhanced security measures, and socio-economic interventions aimed at addressing the root causes of violence. This study contributes to the broader discourse on democracy in Nigeria by underscoring the critical need for a multi-faceted approach to tackling political violence, thereby ensuring the long-term survival and consolidation of democratic governance in Edo State and beyond.