Design and Construction of Microcontroller- Based Visitor Counter and Crowd Control Device

Student: Kayode Ezekiel Ogunsan (Project, 2025)
Department of Computer Engineering
Lens Polytechnic, offa, Kwara State.

Abstract

In today's world, managing crowd density and monitoring the number of individuals within a confined space is crucial for security, health, and operational efficiency. This project presents the design and construction of a microcontroller-based visitor counter and crowd control device that automatically counts the number of people entering and exiting a room using infrared (IR) sensors. The system is built around an Arduino Uno microcontroller, which processes inputs from strategically placed IR sensors at entry and exit points. A 16x2 LCD display shows the current count of people inside the space in real time, while a buzzer serves as an alert mechanism when the number of individuals exceeds a predefined threshold. The system uses logic-based programming to distinguish between entry and exit movements by analyzing the sequence of sensor activation. This cost-effective and scalable device offers a practical solution for small public spaces such as classrooms, offices, banks, and libraries. The project successfully demonstrates the application of embedded systems in people counting and access regulation, with potential for further development including wireless communication, data logging, and integration with access control mechanisms.

Keywords
Sensor electric battery automation jumper cables buzzers light emitting diode arduino camera based system
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