Synthesis, Characterisation and Molecular Docking of Nn-Bis(5-Iodo-2-Oxoindolin-1-Yl)-2,6-Diaminopyridine as a Potential Inhibitor of Human Pancreatic Alpha-Amylase

This study focused on synthesis and evaluation of the antidiabetic potential of 3,3’-(pyridine-2,6-diylbis(azanylylidene))bis(5-iodoindolin-2-one), a novel compound derived from isatin. Recognizing the growing global prevalence of diabetes mellitus and the limitations of current therapeutic agents, the research aimed to develop an effective alternative with enhanced pharmacological properties. This synthesis involved a condensation reaction between 5-iodoisatin and 2,6-diaminopyridine in a 2:1 molar ratio, yielding a brick-orange product with 89% efficiency. Structural characterisation using H-NMR confirmed the compound’s molecular framework, which exhibited a high melting point of 243-244°C and solubility in acetone and DMSO, reflecting significant physicochemical transformations. Molecular docking studies revealed a binding affinity of -9.6 KJ/mol against human pancreatic alpha-amylase (4GQR), outperforming standard references like acarbose (-7.3 KJ/mol) and the co-crystallized ligand (-7.8 KJ/mol). These findings highlight the compound’s structural advantages, including enhanced rigidity and conjugation, contributing to its high thermal stability and effective protein binding. Overall, the study demonstrates the compound’s potential as a cost-effective, high-efficacy candidate for antidiabetic drug development, warranting further pharmacological investigations.