Impact of Telecommunications Mast in Surrounding Soil in Ekiti State University Ado Ekiti

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the physicochemical and mineral properties of soil samples collected from two locations in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria: AK-M (30 km away from a telecommunication mast) and AK-N (an area unaffected by such infrastructure). The aim is to assess the potential influence of proximity to a telecommunication mast on soil quality and suitability for maize cultivation. The physicochemical properties, mineral composition, and variability in nutrient and heavy metal concentrations were analyzed, with statistical insights provided for a comprehensive evaluation. The soil samples exhibited notable differences in their physicochemical properties. AK-M had a pH of 6.88 in water and 3.45 in KCl, while AK-N showed slightly lower acidity with pH values of 6.79 and 4.59, respectively. Organic carbon and organic matter contents were significantly higher in AK-N (4.09% and 7.05%) compared to AK-M (3.25% and 5.6%), indicating better soil fertility in the former. Both samples exhibited sandy textures (84% sand), but AK-N contained higher silt (7%) and lower clay (9%) than AK-M, enhancing its water retention and nutrient availability. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) was also higher in AK-N (3.82 meq/100g) than in AK-M (2.92 meq/100g), further demonstrating superior fertility in the area unaffected by the telecommunication mast. Mineral analysis revealed the presence of essential nutrients such as sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and zinc (Zn), alongside heavy metals like lead (Pb) and copper (Cu). Notably, potassium exhibited the highest variability (%CV = 13.86%), while phosphorus concentrations were consistent across both sites (%CV = 3.68%). The mean lead concentration was 7.14 mg/100g, raising environmental and health concerns. The study concludes that proximity to the telecommunication mast appears to influence soil acidity, nutrient content, and heavy metal accumulation, potentially impacting maize productivity. AK-N, with higher organic matter, nitrogen, and CEC, offers a more favorable environment for cultivation. These findings underscore the need for sustainable soil management practices, particularly in areas near telecommunication infrastructures, to mitigate adverse environmental impacts and promote agricultural productivity.