State of Art of Chemical Looping Technologies for Hydrogen Production:a Systematic Literature Review

Chemical looping technologies involve a cyclic process where metal oxides act as oxygencarriers to facilitate the separation of hydrogen from other reaction products. This techniqueallows for the efficient capture and sequestration of CO2, resulting in near-zero or negativenet CO2 emissions. Despite their advantages, chemical looping technologies face severalchallenges that impact their overall feasibility and scalability. This systematic literaturereview aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art chemical loopingtechnologies for hydrogen production, and evaluate their technological advancements,environmental impacts, economic considerations, and comparative performance againsttraditional and alternative methods. The methodology involved an extensive review ofscholarly articles, technical reports, and conference papers published ove r the past 15 years.A systematic approach was employed, adhering to the PRISMA guidelines. The review madeuse of advanced search strategies across multiple databases to identify 596 relevant studies.After applying rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria, 24 studies were selected for detailedanalysis. The findings reveal that chemical looping offers significant potential for reducinggreenhouse gas emissions while maintaining high hydrogen production efficiency. Chemicallooping can achieve hydrogen production efficiencies of up to 85%, with a potential 20%reduction in energy consumption compared to SMR. Additionally, the integrated carboncapture within chemical looping processes could lead to cost savings of 10-15% in CO2capture infrastructure. While the initial capital cost for chemical looping systems is estimatedto be 20-30% higher than conventional methods, the long-term operational savings andeconomic benefits, including the potential for carbon utilization, position chemical looping asa competitive and sustainable alternative for large-scale hydrogen production. Specificfindings were made for inclusion in the chemical looping model while the general resultswere observed and further studies proposed. Total investment from the private and publicsectors was identified as key to achieving the transition process of chemical loopingtechnology in the hydrogen production sector.