The Ilaje-Ugbo and Ijaw-Arogbo Conflict Between 1998/1999, Ondo State, Nigeria.

Student: Daniel Ayininuola Kalejaye (Project, 2025)
Department of History and International Studies
University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State

Abstract

The Ilaje–Ugbo and Ijaw–Arogbo conflict of 1998–1999 in Ondo State, Nigeria, represents a major episode of communal violence rooted in boundary disputes, competition over oil-related resources, and historical grievances. This study examines the causes, dynamics, and consequences of the conflict, drawing from oral interviews, archival records, and secondary sources. Findings reveal that the conflict was primarily driven by disputes over fishing territories, oil derivation benefits, and local political dominance. The violence resulted in significant loss of lives, destruction of property, displacement of communities, and disruption of inter-ethnic relations in the Niger Delta region. The study concludes that weak state intervention, politicization of traditional authority, and unequal access to resources fueled the conflict. It recommends sustained peacebuilding efforts, clear boundary demarcation, equitable resource sharing, and community-based dialogue frameworks to prevent future hostilities.

Keywords
ilaje-ugbo ijaw-arogbo conflict state nigeria
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