Prophylactic Potential of Garcinia Kola and Xylopia Aethiopica Leaves Exract Against Newcastle Disease Virus Using Embryonated Chicken Eggs

The global cases of Newcastle disease among poultry farming in Nigeria has severely encroached the economic standard of poultry farmers. This study was undertaken in order to assess the activity of Garcinia kola and Xylopia aethiopica leaves extract against Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV). The phytochemical constituent of ethanolic extract of the plant was determined quantitatively using spectrophotometric and gravimetric methods. The activity of the extract and mixtures against NDV was determined using in vivo technique in embryonated chicken eggs. The phytochemical constituents of the plant extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, saponins and glycosides. There was decreased in egg weights from 63.18g to 44.12 and embryonic weights from 4.75g to 3.86g of the infected eggs after72h and these were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in these eggs protected with the extract of which the mixture of the Garcinia kola and Xylopia aethiopica recorded the highest weight. There was also significant (P< 0.05) reduction in infectivity of NDV as the embryo – egg weight ratio (EE) and neutralization values increased among the protected eggs, and the mixture of the 2 extract showed the most pronounced activity. Therefore Garcinia kola and Xylopia aethiopica leaves extract exhibited protective activity against NDV and the activity was most pronounced for the mixture of Garcinia kola and Xylopia aethiopica when compared to the individual extract.