Analysis of Gust and Snow on an Aircraft and Their Impact on Flight Safety

Student: SHUAIB AHMAD SHUAIB (Project, 2025)
Department of Aerospace Engineering
Air Force Institute of Technology (Degree), Kaduna, Kaduna State

Abstract

This study investigates the aerodynamic and structural effects of gust and snow conditions on
commercial aircraft, focusing on their impact on flight safety. Using the Boeing 737 as a case
study, the project examines how gust loads affect aircraft dynamics during critical flight phases
such as takeoff and landing, and how snow and associated icing degrade aerodynamic performance
and system functionality. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were employed to
analyze the NACA B737 airfoil with and without winglets, evaluating pressure distribution, lift
and drag coefficients, and stall characteristics under varying angles of attack. Results indicate that
gusts lead to unsteady aerodynamic forces and control challenges, while snow introduces
significant risks through icing, increased drag, and reduced lift. The integration of gust load
alleviation and anti-icing mechanisms, coupled with adaptive control systems, is critical for
maintaining flight stability and safety. The study underscores the need for enhanced design,
simulation, and operational procedures to mitigate weather-induced flight hazards.

Keywords
AFIT Air Force Institute of Technology CFD Computational Fluid Dynamics FAA Federal Aviation Administration ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization EASA European Aviation Safety Agency NACA National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics CL Coefficient
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