Assessment of in-Vitro Antidiabetic Property of Spathodea Campanulata Using the Lipase Inhibition Method

Diabetes mellitus is one of the multifactorial, incurable metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycaemia as a result of a relative, lack of insulin, or the action of insulin on its target tissue and disturbances of the metabolism of the macromolecules (carbohydrate, lipid and protein). The aim of this study is to ascertain the anti-diabetic property of Spathodea campanulata by the lipase inhibition method measured spectrophotometrically. The plant Spathodea campanulata was harvested from its natural habitat in Abraka, Delta State. Ethanol extracts of 50µg/ml, 100µg/ml and 200µg/ml concentration doses from the plant was used. Orlistat 50µg/ml an approved pancreatic-lipase inhibitor was used as positive control. Data gotten from experimental procedures were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2022 and results were expressed as Mean±Standard Deviation at n=3. Results showed that the plant extract (58.71±2.86%, 64.66±2.58% and 75.42±5.49%) exhibited same lipase inhibitory activity as the control drug (66.00±0.67%, 70.89±1.35% and 73.49±1.50%) at 50µg/ml, 100µg/ml and 200µg/ml concentrations respectively with IC50 value of 0.5847µg/ml for both plant extract and Orlistat. The phytoconstituents of the plant is responsible for the in vitro inhibitory activity of lipase activities. Thus, findings from this study indicates that extract of Spathodea campanulata can be used as an alternative for management of diabetes owing to its high potency against diseases with less side effects although more work needs to be done as to get fractions of the extract with high potency, its mechanism of action and also for determining the safe dosage for in vivo clinical trials and thereafter application in diabetes mellitus treatment.