Climate Smart Agricultural Practices and Rice Production in Kwara State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT This study examined Climate-Smart Agricultural (CSA) practices and rice production in Kwara State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to (i) identify the CSA practices used by farmer;(ii) examine the effect of CSA practices on rice productivity; (iii) access the determinant of the usage of CSA practices; and (iv) identify constraints affecting CSA usage. A two-stage sampling technique was employed to select 180 rice farmers across major rice producing areas in kwara state. Primary data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Research design used for the study was Survey. Analytical tools used include: descriptive statistics, Likert-type scale, and multiple regression analysis. Results revealed that the average age of respondents was 43.6 years, with the majority being male (92.8%) and married (85%). Commonly used CSA practices included drought-tolerant seed varieties, herbicide use, and early maturing varieties, while less used practices included agroforestry and crop diversification. Multiple regression analysis showed that gender, farm size, and access to credit significantly influenced CSA usage. Moreover, the use of drought-tolerant seeds, organic fertilizers, intercropping, and water harvesting had significant positive effects on rice output. Key constraints identified included high input costs, climate variability, limited access to credit, and farmer-herder conflicts. The study concludes that CSA practices enhance rice productivity and recommends policy support in terms of subsidies, extension services, and inclusive financing to improve usage rates. Promoting climate resilience through CSA is essential for sustainable rice production in Kwara State. Keyword: CSA, Climate-smart Agricultural Practices.