Antibacterial Activity of Adansonia Digitata Leaf Extract Againt Clinical Isolate of Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus Aureus

Adansonia digitata, a traditional medicinal plant, has been reported to possess antibacterial properties. The study was conducted to determine the antibacterial activity of Adansonia digitata leaf extract against clinical isolate of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial activity of ethanolic leaf extracts of Adansonia digitata on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were carried out using agar well diffusion method. The bacteria isolates were re-confirmed and identified based on their morphology, and biochemical tests. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of Alkaloids, Saponins, phenol, tannins and steroids. The ethanol leaf extract showed a wide range of activity on test isolates, with varying zones of inhibitions such as 19±1.78 mm, 16.8±1.82mm, 13.1±2.04mm, and 9.6±2.09mm against Staphylococcus aureus and 18.4±1.19mm, 15.2±1.03mm, 12.7±1.60mm, and 11.4±1.07mm against Escherichia coli at concentration of 100 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml and 12.5 mg/ml respectively. The aqueous leaf extract also showed a wide range of activity on test isolates with varying zones of inhibitions, such as 13.5±2mm, 10.6±2.38mm, 9.3±2.3mm and 6.3±0.3mm against S. aureus and 15.1±1.6mm, 11.4±1.07mm, 9.6±2.07mm, and 7.00±1.04mm against E. coli.  The ethanolic leaf extract inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. aureus at concentration of 12.5-50mg/ml with minimum bactericidal concentration at 25-50mg/ml. The aqueous leaf extract inhibited the growth of S. aureus and E. coli at concentration of 25-100mg/ml with minimum bactericidal concentration of 50-100mg/ml. These results indicate that the ethanol extract of Adansonia digitata leaves contains a higher amount of bioactive substances, which could be effective against certain pathogenic bacteria. The antibacterial activity of Adansonia digitata leaf extract against E. coli and S. aureus highlights the importance of establishing standardized protocols for extracting and processing the leaves to ensure consistent quality and potency.