Phytochemical Analysis and Anti-Plasmodial Efficacy of Cnidoscolus Aconitifolius Methanol Leaf Extract in Plasmodium Berghei Infected Mice

Student: Maxime Wiweyon Whesu (Project, 2025)
Department of Biochemistry
Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State

Abstract

Malaria is a parasitic infection caused by Plasmodium parasites, drugs in recent years have experienced a drastic ineffectiveness due to the emergence of new strains of the parasite which are resistant and aggressive. In this study phytochemical screening of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius, acute toxicity, were carried out using standard methods followed by curative anti-plasmodial activities of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius methanol leaf extract on Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Sixteen (16) mice were grouped into six (6) groups of extract control, positive control and negative control with remaining 3 groups administered 100, 200 and 400mg/kg BW of the extract. Phytochemicals observed in highest concentration were phenol (18.08±0.1mg/g) and Saponin (18.02±0.02mg/g), and least concentration was Anthocyanin (4.61±0.01mg/g). The plant possesses no toxicity at high dose of 5000mg/kg BW, i.e LD50 >5000mg/kg BW. There was a significant (p0.05) between the treated with 400mg/kg BW and positive control group. From this study, it can be deduced that the methanol extract of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaves has ability to ameliorate anemia and cure plasmodium parasite infection.

Keywords
phytochemical analysis anti-plasmodial efficacy cnidoscolus aconitifolius methanol extract plasmodium berghei
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