Physical Analysis of Surface Water Using Water Treatment Plant Model

Student: ALIYU Muhammad ZANNAH (Project, 2025)
Department of Civil Engineering Technology
Federal Polytechnic, Damaturu, Yobe State

Abstract

ABSTRACT Water treatment plant model consists of Screening, Coagulation, Flocculation, Sedimentation, Filtration and Disinfection units. Depending on water quality influent, each unit can be optimized to achieve the desired water quality effluent, both in design and operation stages. A typical water treatment model has the combination of processes needed to treat the contaminants in the source water treated by the facility. Surface water contamination poses significant health risks in arid regions. This study investigated the physical parameters of surface water in Gamboru area, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. Water samples were collected and analyzed for pH, turbidity, conductivity, and total dissolved solids (TDS). Results showed significant deviations from Nigerian and international standards. A slow sand filtration model was implemented, demonstrating 80-90% removal efficiency for turbidity, 90-95% for conductivity, and 85-90% for TDS. The study highlights the effectiveness of slow sand filtration in improving surface water quality and recommends integrated water resource management strategies for sustainable water supply. Overall research was carried out by dynamic processes to meet the water treatment phenomena.

Keywords
surface water analysis water treatment water quality assessment physical parameters turbidity suspended solids UV transmittance
Filters
Institutions