Development of Bioinsecticide from Neem Plant (azadirachta Indica) Extracts.

ABSTRACT The neem tree (Azadirachta indica) is a versatile and widely recognized plant known for its bioactive compounds, particularly Azadirachtin and flavonoids, which exhibit potent insecticidal properties. This project aimed to develop bioinsecticides from neem plant extracts, focusing on the leaves and seeds as raw materials. The neem leaves and seeds were separately dried, and their bioactive compounds were extracted using 250 mL of ethanol solvent. The extracts were concentrated using a rotary evaporator to a final volume of 50 mL, and the process was repeated to obtain sufficient quantities of each extract. The extracts were analyzed using the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), revealing concentrations of Azadirachtin and flavonoids. The seed extract contained 0.8% Azadirachtin and 0.03% flavonoids, while the leaf extract contained 0.07% Azadirachtin and 0.3% flavonoids. Based on these concentrations, three bioinsecticide blends were formulated: Blend A (NSE:NLE 10:1)and Blend B, (NSE:NLE 20:1) which are suited for household use (with Azadirachtin concentrations of 0.74% and 0.77%, respectively), and Blend C, (NSE:NLE 50:1) designed for agricultural applications, containing 0.79% Azadirachtin. The bioinsecticides produced are liquid formulations, and while the results show promising potential, further research is recommended to develop more stable, solid formulations and to optimize the extraction process for higher yield and efficiency in future applications.