John Locke’s Theory of Power Vis-a-Viz the Abuse of Power in Nigeria

This thesis critically examines John Locke’s theory of political power and its relevance to the Nigerian context of governance, authority, and accountability. Drawing from Locke’s concepts of the state of nature, the social contract, natural rights, and the right to resistance, the study investigates how political authority is justified, limited, and sustained in theory, and how these principles are applied or neglected in Nigerian political practice. The findings reveal that while Locke envisions government as a fiduciary trust designed to protect life, liberty, and property, Nigerian political practice has frequently undermined these principles through authoritarian consolidation, corruption, weak institutions, and violations of citizens’ rights. Nonetheless, citizen resistance, exemplified by movements such as #EndSARS, resonates with Locke’s justification for opposing tyranny when rulers betray their obligations to the governed. This study concludes that Locke’s political philosophy provides a critical lens for understanding Nigeria’s governance challenges and for articulating pathways toward reform. It recommends strengthening constitutional safeguards, reforming security institutions, enhancing judicial independence, promoting civic education, and institutionalizing mechanisms for lawful resistance. By re-engaging Locke’s principles of consent, accountability, and natural rights, Nigeria can advance toward a more legitimate, just, and accountable political order.