Ameliorative Effect of Senna Occidentalis and Artemisia Annua on the Histology of the Kidney Following Alloxan-Induced Diabetes in Wistar Rat

ABSTRACT This study investigates the ameliorative effects of Senna occidentalis on kidney function in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats, focusing on its potential to mitigate kidney damage associated with diabetes. The findings are structured into several key areas: fasting blood glucose levels, kidney function parameters, oxidative stress markers, and histopathological changes. The analysis of kidney function, based on serum urea and creatinine levels, revealed significant elevations in the diabetic control group compared to the normal control group, indicating compromised kidney function. Treatment with Senna occidentalis and Artemisia notably reduced serum urea and creatinine levels, with the high-dose Senna occidentalis group showing the most pronounced improvement. These results suggest a potential protective role of Senna occidentalis in kidney function, with efficacy similar to standard diabetic treatments. Histopathological examinations of kidney tissues further supported these findings. The normal control group exhibited intact glomerular and tubular structures, whereas the diabetic control group showed marked glomerular damage, tubular degeneration, and interstitial inflammation. Rats treated with Senna occidentalis exhibited moderate improvements in kidney structure, including reduced glomerular and tubular damage, as well as decreased inflammation. Although treatment with Artemisia also resulted in mild improvements, Senna occidentalis provided more significant restoration of kidney architecture, with near-normal glomerular and tubular structures observed in the high-dose group. These results suggest that Senna occidentalis has a promising therapeutic effect in ameliorating kidney dysfunction in diabetic rats, potentially through its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. The study highlights its potential as a natural remedy for diabetic nephropathy and warrants further investigation into its mechanisms of action and clinical applicability.