Prevalence of Dyslipidaemia Among Newly Diagnosed Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending State Specialist Hospital Maiduguri

ABSTRACT The prevalence of diabetes mellitus has increased globally making it a major public health concern. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dyslipidaemia among newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending State Specialist Hospital Maiduguri (SSHM). A total of 150 subjects were recruited, comprising of 100 newly diagnosed diabetic subjects and 50 healthy individuals as controls. Fasting plasma glucose was measured using glucose oxidase method while serum total cholesterol was measured using enzymatic end point method, serum triglyceride was measured using enzymatic glycerol phosphate oxidase/Peroxidase method, serum HDL was determined by precipitation method while serum LDL was calculated using Friedewald's formula. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 26.0. Student t-test was used for Comparison of Mean of Fasting Plasma Glucose and Lipid Profile of the Diabetic and Control Subjects. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to correlate fasting plasma glucose with lipid profile. The prevalence of dyslipidemia among the study subjects showed that 35% of the diabetic subjects have high level of total cholesterol with none having low value. Only 17% of the subjects have high level of triglyceride while 31% have high low density lipoprotein with none having low value in both. 87% of the subjects have low level of high density lipoprotein with none having high value. This study showed that the mean fasting plasma glucose and serum total cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein were significantly higher (p0.05) in the mean serum HDL of diabetic subjects as compared to the controls (0.76±0.24 vs 0.82±0.20mmol/l). Furthermore, Karl Pearson’s correlation between the fasting plasma glucose with lipid profile in diabetic subjects showed a weak positive and non-significant correlation between the levels of fasting plasma glucose with total cholesterol (r=0.13; p=0.189), HDL (r=0.02; p=0.845) and LDL (r=0.15; p=0.133). There was also a weak negative and non-significant correlation (r= -0.06; P= 0.578) between fasting blood glucose and triglyceride levels. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that dyslipidaemia is present in the newly diagnosed diabetic patients with elevated levels of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and low levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL-C). This indicates that newly diagnosed diabetic patients were more prone to cardiovascular diseases.