Phytochemical Screening and Acute Toxicity Studies of Methanolic Extract of Dodonaea Viscosa Jacq (hopbush) Leaves in Albino Mice

Traditionally, Dodonaea viscosa has been used to treat various ailments, including malaria, typhoid, inflammation and wounds, highlighting its significance in ethnomedicine. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition, acute toxicity profile, and effects on haematological parameters of the methanol extract of D. viscosa leaves in albino mice. Phytochemical screening identified several bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, steroids, and cardiac glycosides, while anthraquinones were absent. Acute toxicity testing, conducted in accordance with OECD Guideline 423, involved the administration of graded doses (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight) to 3 groups of albino mice. No mortality, behavioural changes, or significant toxicity were observed, indicating an LD50 exceeding 1000 mg/kg. Haematological analysis revealed significant improvements in red blood cell count, haematocrit and haemoglobin levels, alongside stable organ weights, confirming the extract's safety and potential therapeutic value. These findings underscore the safety of D. viscosa and its suitability for further exploration in treating blood-related disorders. This study provides scientific validation for its traditional use and serves as a foundation for future pharmacological and toxicological research.