Automatic over Voltage and Under Voltage Protection System for Residential Application

The research study focused on electrical energy as a dependable source of electrical power, which is crucial for economic expansion and the preservation of household equipment. Ten days were spent on the experiment and building. The voltage regulator that was sketched throughout the device's construction was used to produce the raw data that was collected. The quality of electricity is impacted by rising demand since there is insufficient supply to match the demand, which leads to under voltage. Moreover, sudden load rejection results in overvoltage and frequency fluctuations. Unexpected voltage fluctuations are risky and can cause major issues with industrial and household appliances by causing losses in the electrical circuit. In order to prolong the life of electrical equipment and guarantee cost savings for homeowners, high and low voltage devices are made to safeguard them from both overvoltage and under voltage. When the voltage provided through the main power line rises above the safe working low voltage of 220 VAC and falls below the recommended voltage setting of 180 VAC, the voltage safety mechanism trips the supply. Appliances are automatically protected against overvoltage and under voltage (220 VAC: +20 VAC and –40 VAC) by the circuitry of the voltage protection system. When the device was tested with a high voltage of 260V, it was able to isolate and disconnect the load fast without causing any harm.. The voltage supply was restored once it had stabilized at a voltage of 180–240 volts. In a similar vein, when a low voltage of 170V was applied, the device disconnected and isolated the load fast. After the voltage supply steadied, it connected the supply to the load once more. It was determined that the device's accuracy in sensor voltage level was 97.47%.