Photoremediation of Methylene Blue

ABSTRACT The contamination of water bodies by synthetic dyes, particularly methylene blue, poses a significant environmental and public health challenge due to its toxicity, persistence, and resistance to degradation. Conventional dye removal methods such as chemical oxidation, coagulation and adsorption are often expensive, energy intensive and environmentally unsustainable. This study investigates the phytoremediation potential of water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) in removing methylene blue from waste water offering a cost effective and eco-friendly alternative to traditional treatment methods. Water hyacinth was collected, processed into powdered form, and was introduced into methylene blue solution of varying concentrations. Dye removal efficiency was monitored over 72hrs using a spectrophotometer and statistical analysis including ANOVA and correlation analysis were conducted to evaluate the result. The findings reveal that higher adsorbent dose and prolong exposure time significantly enhance methylene blue removal. The highest removal efficiency 91.17% was recorded for the 15mg/L dye concentration after 72hrs. statistical analysis confirmed that adsorbent dose, contact time and initial dye concentration all had a significant effect on dye removal efficiency (p < 0.05). The result demonstrate that water hyacinth is an effective, low-cost and sustainable phytoremediator for methylene blue contaminated wastewater. However, biomass disposal and potential invasive spread must be addressed for large-scale implementation. The study recommends further research on optimizing growth conditions, hybrid treatment approach and biomass management to enhance real-world application. Keywords: Phytoremediation, Water hyacinth, Methylene blue, Adsorbent, Dye removal efficiency