Effect of the Ethanol Extract of the Leaves Of t.occidentalis on Ulcer Index of Aspirin Induced Ulcerated Rats

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) remains a significant global health problem, often resulting from an imbalance between gastric mucosal protective factors and aggressive agents such as acid, pepsin, and Helicobacter pylori. Although conventional drugs like proton pump inhibitors and H₂ receptor antagonists are widely used, they are associated with adverse effects and high relapse rates, necessitating the search for safer, plant-based alternatives. This study investigated the anti-ulcer activity of the ethanol extract of Telfairia occidentalis (fluted pumpkin) leaves in albino rats. Fresh leaves of T. occidentalis were collected, shade-dried, pulverized, and extracted with ethanol. The extract was screened qualitatively for phytochemical constituents, while its acute toxicity (LD₅₀) was determined in mice. Experimental rats were divided into six groups and treated with graded doses of the extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight), distilled water, aspirin, or the standard anti-ulcer drug ranitidine. Gastric ulcers were induced with aspirin, and ulcer indices were evaluated alongside hematological and biochemical parameters. Results revealed that the ethanol extract contained flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds. The LD₅₀ was above 5000 mg/kg, indicating low toxicity. Administration of the extract significantly (p < 0.05) and dose-dependently reduced ulcer index and improved packed cell volume compared to the ulcerated control group. The 400 mg/kg dose produced effects comparable to ranitidine, suggesting strong gastroprotective activity. The findings suggest that T. occidentalis possesses anti-ulcer properties likely mediated through its antioxidant, cytoprotective, and anti-inflammatory constituents. The study scientifically validates the traditional use of T. occidentalis leaves in managing gastric ulcers and recommends further isolation and characterization of the active compounds.