Comparative Studies of Mentha Piperita L, Phyllanthus Amarus, and Sorghum Bicolor: Evaluating Their Potential Therapeutic Effects on Alzheimer's Disease in Wistar Rats

ABSTRACT Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition marked by cognitive decline and neuronal damage, with oxidative stress and inflammation playing a prominent role in its development. The search for natural bioactive components with therapeutic potential against Alzheimer’s disease has led to the research of potential from medicinal plants. This study intends to comparatively examine the phytochemical content of Mentha piperita L. (Mentha spp.), Phyllanthus amarus, and Sorghum bicolor, and their potential therapeutic effects on Alzheimer's disease through biochemical assessments of the brain, kidney, and liver in an experimental rat model. A total of 30 Wistar rats (n=3 per group) were separated into 10 experimental groups, comprising a normal control, Alzheimer’s disease-induced groups, and therapy groups receiving different plant extracts. 27 Wistar rats were subjected to arsenite and separated into different treatment groups getting different extracts from the four selected plants. The study investigated hematological, hepatic and renal biomarkers, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin (BIL), superoxide dismutase (SOD), DNA fragmentation, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and albumin (ALB). Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA, with significant differences defined at P