Immunohistochemistry and Morphological Expression of Amlodipine and Amaranthus Hybridus Extract on the Testes of Male Wister Rat

Abstract Amlodipine, a commonly prescribed drug for managing hypertension has raised concerns about its potential impact on male fertility. This study evaluates the immunohistochemical and morphological effect of Amlodipine and the possible protective role of Amaranthus hybridus a plant with antioxidant properties, on testicular structure and functions. Adult male wister rat(n=36) were divided into six groups: control, Amlodipine treated, amaranthus treated, and a combined treatment group receiving both substances. Testicular tissue was harvested after five weeks of treatment for immunohistochemical and morphometric analysis. Immunohistochemical staining for key markers of stermatogenesis showed reduced expression in the amlodipine group, indicating impaired germs cell proliferation and differentiation. Conversely, the group treated with Amaranthus hybridus alone exhibited improved testicular morphology, with near-normal seminiferous tubules architecture and enhanced marker expression. Interestingly, the co-treatment demonstrated a partial restoration of spermatogenic markers and testicular morphology suggesting a mitigating effect of amaranthus hybridus against amlodipine-induced reproductive toxicity. These findings underscore the potential of amaranthus hybridus as a natural therapeutic agent to counteract drug-induced testicular dysfunction. Further studies are warranted to elaborate the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects and explore the translational potential of amaranthus hybridus in clinical settings.