Design and Development of a Solar-Powered Gadget With a Low-Battery Cutoff Function Using Arduino Uno.

Student: John Okechukwu Nwosu (Project, 2025)
Department of Electrical /Electronics Engineering
Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ebonyi State

Abstract

Environmental concerns have grown significantly in the world in recent years, which has made eco-friendly and sustainable technologies necessary. This project involves the design and implementation of a solar-powered gadget with a low battery cutoff function. Due to the unstable and expensive power supply in Nigeria, and its effect in our daily businesses, this project aims at providing alternative energy supply to decrease public reliance on National grid and fossil fuel which is not only expensive but also environmentally hazardous. The project also ensured optimal battery management by introducing a cutoff function to protect and enhance the battery life-cycle. The core components for the project includes a 50W solar panel, a 12V 18Ah lead-acid battery, a 500W inverter, and an Arduino Uno. Testing under varying conditions shows the system’s efficacy in solar energy capture, sustained power output and successful implementation of the low battery cutoff function. The system exhibited reliability in charging scenarios, achieving a maximum power output of 50 watts at a charging voltage of 21.2V. Further studies could explore alternative battery technologies (such as lithium-ion or solid-state batteries) to address limitations of lead-acid batteries such as cycle life and weight considerations.

Keywords
design development solar-powered gadget low-battery cutoff function arduino
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