Effect of Nutmeg (myristica Fragrans) on the Liver of Adult Wistar Rats

Over the years, some plants has been discovered been used for spices e.g nutmeg ( Myristica fragrans) Myristicin, one of the main component of nutmeg, can lead to fatty degeneration of the liver after ingestion in a large amount. Nutmeg used as medicine or as spice flavor for many dishes,both savory and sweet, in cuisine across the globe. Nutmeg offers many health benefits. However, it is not to be consumed more than is ordinarily used in food preparation. In large quantities nutmeg can induce hallucinations. This study investigates the effects of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) on the liver of Wistar rats, focusing on its potential hepatoprotective properties. Thirty (30) adult male Wistar rats were divided into six groups and treated with varying doses of nutmeg (500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, 2000 mg/kg, and 4000 mg/kg) for 14 days. Parameters measured included body weight, liver weight, hepato-somatic index, serum enzyme levels (AST, ALT, ALP), total bilirubin, and total protein. Histopathological analysis was performed to assess liver tissue integrity. The results indicate that higher doses of nutmeg led to significant alterations in liver enzyme levels and weight, suggesting both hepatoprotective and potentially hepatotoxic effects depending on the dosage. This study provides scientific validation for the traditional use of nutmeg and emphasizes the need for cautious consumption due to its varying effects on liver health. The Biochemical test carried out was Liver function test, oxidative test and Histology. The Result shows a statistically significant increase in the final weight of rats across all groups when compared to their individual initial weight. The study found that administration of Myristica fragrans extract to Wistar rats resulted in a significant increase in final weight, as well as significant changes in liver weight and function, including increased levels of Aspartate Transferase, Alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, Total Bilirubin, and Conjugated Bilirubin, particularly at higher doses.