Geospatial Modelling of Groundwater Pollution in Oredo Local Government Area, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria

Groundwater pollution in Oredo LGA poses a major threat due to rapid industrialization, urbanization, and agricultural activities. Pollutants like pesticides, waste, and industrial effluents contaminate water, leading to health issues and poor water quality. Although groundwater is vital for domestic, industrial, and agricultural uses, the absence of a geospatial framework hinders effective pollution management of contaminant spread. This study aims to develop a geospatial model for identifying pollution sources and predicting risks, offering a solution for better groundwater management in the area. This was achieved by Locating and identifying potential pollution sources through field survey, water sample from six different borehole locations was collected and tested for contamination, the Water Quality Index (WQI) was determined by analyzing the water quality parameters gotten from the test results, a geographic model was constructed to show these locations and their WQI, the health and environmental risks associated with groundwater contamination shown in these area by their respective water quality parameters was then evaluated. The results obtained showed that the WQI of borehole 1 and 2 was 17.4 and 22.35 respectively which falls under the rang of excellent (0-25), while the Water Quality Index (WQI) of borehole 3, 4, 5 and 6 was 30.25, 32.26, 37.36 and 36.66 respectively was fell under the range of good (26-50), but despite the favorable classification the proximity of some of these boreholes to pollution sources still poses a potential risk to human health. To protect and sustain borehole water in Oredo Local Government Area, recommendations include implementing routine groundwater monitoring, effective waste management, enforcing buffer zones, educating community members, and enforcing environmental regulations. Additionally, boreholes should be constructed and maintained properly, and alternative water supply options should be considered in high-risk areas. Geospatial modelling tools and partnerships with environmental agencies can also support sustainable water management practices.