Rfid Access Control System Using Star Topology

ABSTRACT This paper presents the design and implementation of an RFID-based access control system utilizing a star topology architecture. The system is composed of two nodes, each equipped with an RFID reader, an Atmega8 microcontroller, and an ESP-01 WIFI module, all interfacing with a central gateway. The RFID reader captures the UID data from RFID tags in proximity, which is converted into byte format and processed by the Atmega8 microcontroller for serial communication with the WIFI module. The WIFI module establishes a wireless connection between the nodes and the gateway via a hosted network, facilitating data transmission. The core functionality of the system is driven by its capability to grant or deny access based on the presence of a specific UID in the local database. The decision logic, handled at the node level, ensures real-time authentication and access management, enhancing security control across designated areas. The paper delves into critical system elements, including hardware configuration, communication protocols, data handling workflows, and access control logic. The successful implementation validates the system’s practical application for enhancing security in environments such as offices, residential complexes, and restricted access zones. The results underscore its potential to significantly improve security infrastructure across various real-world use cases.