The Impact of Vigilante Groups and Neighborhood Watch on Peace-Building in Kaduna North Lga

ABSTRACT This study examines the impact of vigilante groups and neighborhood watch programs on peacebuilding in Kaduna North Local Government Area (LGA), Nigeria. Kaduna North LGA has experienced persistent ethno-religious conflicts, insecurity, and violence, necessitating community-based security initiatives to complement formal law enforcement.The study is anchored in John Paul Lederach's Conflict Transformation Theory, which emphasizes the involvement of all societal strata, top-level leaders, middle-range actors, and grassroots communities in sustainable processes. The research aimed to analyze the activities of vigilante groups and neighborhood watch programs, identify the strategies they adopt, and assess the challenges they face in promoting peacebuilding. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected through questionnaires administered to 200 residents and in-depth interviews with community leaders and a police officer. The findings reveal that vigilante groups and neighborhood watch programs play a significant role in peacebuilding through activities such as patrols, conflict mediation, and community engagement. However, their effectiveness is hindered by challenges such as inadequate resources, lack of training, and conflicts with formal security agencies. The study concludes that these community-based initiatives are vital for fostering peace and security but require targeted interventions, including capacity building, improved collaboration with formal security agencies, and government support. Recommendations include recruiting more personnel, providing adequate equipment, and promoting interfaith dialogue to address the root causes of conflict. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on community-based security initiatives and provides practical insights for policymakers and stakeholders in Kaduna North LGA and beyond.