Precision Livestock Production for Precision Dairy Production: a Review

Precision Dairy Production represents a transformative approach to dairy farming, integrating advanced technologies such as sensors, automation, information and communication systems, data analytics, and artificial intelligence to optimize animal management and farm performance. This review identified the challenges in dairy production sectors such as access to capital, sustainability, market volatility, labor shortage, price sensitivity, diseases management, animal health and welfare also explores the various components and technologies employed in precision dairy farming, including automated milking systems, wearable sensors, global positioning systems (GPS), accelerometers, rumination monitors, load cells, bolus sensors, and automated health monitoring systems. These technologies enable real-time monitoring of physiological, behavioral, and production indicators, facilitating individualized animal care, enhancing productivity, improving milk quality, and promoting animal welfare. Precision feeding strategies, estrus detection systems, and environmental monitoring tools further support efficient resource utilization and sustainable farm practices. Despite the high initial investment costs and technical expertise required for implementation, precision dairy production offers substantial benefits, including increased efficiency, cost reduction, environmental sustainability, and improved herd health. This review also outlines future directions, emphasizing the potential of artificial intelligence, block chain for traceability, and eco-friendly innovations to further revolutionize dairy farming. Overall, the integration of Precision Dairy Production technologies holds significant promise for addressing the growing global demand for high-quality dairy products while ensuring economic viability, animal wellbeing, and environmental stewardship.