Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Some Gram-Negative Bacteria to Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Zingiber Officinale(ginger) Comparative Study

Student: Sifon Uduak Akai (Project, 2025)
Department of Science Laboratory Technology
Akwa-Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot-Osurua, Akwa Ibom State

Abstract

ABSTRACT ‎ ‎Comparative study of the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of some Gram-negative bacteria to aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Zingiber officinale was carried out using disk diffusion method against four (4) bacteria Enterobacter sp, Klebsiella sp, Escherichia coli and Proteus sp. The ethanolic extract of the Zingiber officinale showed higher zones of inhibition of 15.35mm per concentration 95mg/ml and 15.25mm per 75mg/ml in the test isolates respectively. While the aqueous extract was less effective against the test organisms having 10.2mm/95mg/ml and 9.6mm/75mgml respectively. The potency of the plant extract could be due to phytochemical constituents such as flavonoids which was highly present (+++) in ethanolic extract but moderately present in aqueous extract while alkaloid, saponins, tannins and cardiac glycosides were moderately present (++) in ethanolic and aqueous extracts but alkaloid showed trace amount (+) in aqueous extract while saponins was not detected in the aqueous extract. Hence, Zingiber officinale extracts may be useful in antibacterial application.

Keywords
comparative antimicrobial susceptibility pattern gram-negative bacteria aqueous ethanolic extracts zingiber ginger
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