Role of Aqueous Exract of Lawsonia Inermis Leaves, Hibiscus Sabdariffa Calyces and Bougainvillea Spectabilis Willd Flower on Sperm Morphology in Rat (rattus Norvegicus)

Student: Kawthar Huud (Project, 2025)
Department of Human Anatomy
University of Maiduguri, Borno State

Abstract

This study explores the effects of the aqueous extracts of Lawsonia inermis (henna), Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle), and Bougainvillea spectabilis willd (great bougainvillea) on the morphology of sperm cells in rats (Rattus norvegicus). The research aims to evaluate the staining potential of these plant extracts and compare them to a conventional stain, H&E, for sperm morphology analysis. Each plant has been recognized for its medicinal and chemical properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects, which may contribute to their staining efficacy. Sperm morphology, an essential indicator of male fertility and reproductive health, requires precise staining techniques for detailed analysis. However, current staining methods face challenges such as inefficiency and non-specificity, which hinder accurate evaluations. This study seeks to address these gaps by developing standardized and effective staining methods using natural extracts. The findings of this research may not only enhance cytological techniques for analyzing rat sperm but could also contribute to the broader fields of reproductive biology and toxicology. Additionally, it may pave the way for future innovations in using plant-based stains for cytological studies in other mammalian species.

Keywords
Lawsonia inermis Hibiscus sabdariffa Bougainvillea spectabilis aqueous extract sperm morphology Rattus norvegicus natural stain hematoxylin and eosin plant-based dye.
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