Evaluation of Phytochemical Composition of N-Hexane Epicarp Extract of Ripe Citrus Sinenses

The epicarp of ripe Citrus sinensis (sweet orange) is often discarded as waste despite its potential as a source of bioactive compounds with significant industrial applications. This study explores the phytochemical composition of the n-hexane extract of the epicarp, aiming to uncover its potential utility in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. The research focuses on identifying the bioactive compounds present and assessing their potential benefits, particularly their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Using Soxhlet extraction followed by rotary evaporation, the study successfully isolated phytochemicals from the epicarp. The oil yield was determined to be 19.30%, with the extract exhibiting a specific gravity of 1.098 and a density of 1.110 g/mL. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, and essential oils. These compounds, especially hesperidin and limonene, are associated with numerous therapeutic and industrial benefits, demonstrating the rich bioactive profile of the epicarp. The project was carried out to address the underutilization of Citrus sinensis epicarps in industries and to promote sustainable practices by valorizing this by-product. By providing a scientific basis for the industrial application of these bioactive compounds, this study supports efforts to reduce environmental waste while contributing to the development of natural alternatives to synthetic chemicals in various sectors. In conclusion, the findings underscore the potential of Citrus sinensis epicarp as a valuable resource for bioactive compounds, with applications in food preservation, cosmetics, and therapeutic products. This study highlights the need for further research to optimize extraction processes and maximize the yield of bioactive compounds, aligning with global sustainability goals and enhancing economic opportunities.