An Assessment of the Causes of Failure in Building, a Case Study of Some Selected Buildings in Irrua, Esan Central Local Government Area

ABSTRACT Building failure is a significant concern in Nigeria, with frequent cases leading to devastating consequences, including loss of lives and property. This study evaluates the causes, effects, and mitigation strategies for building failures, focusing on Irrua, Esan Central Local Government Area, Edo State. The research examines the nature and prevalence of structural failures, investigates the role of informal construction practices, and assesses the effectiveness of regulatory measures. The study adopts a mixed-method research approach, combining field surveys, interviews with construction professionals, and analysis of documented cases of building failures. Data is collected from key stakeholders, including building owners, engineers, architects, and students to gain a comprehensive understanding of the issue. The findings reveal that poor construction practices, substandard materials, inadequate supervision, and weak enforcement of building regulations contribute significantly to structural failures. Additionally, a lack of awareness among building owners about maintenance and compliance further exacerbates the problem. The study highlights the social, economic, and environmental consequences of building failures, emphasizing their impact on public safety and urban development. Recommendations include stricter enforcement of building codes, improved supervision by certified professionals, public awareness campaigns on proper construction practices, and policies to regulate informal sector activities. Retrofitting existing buildings and adopting modern construction technologies are also suggested as remedial measures. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on sustainable and safe building practices in Nigeria. By identifying the root causes of failures and proposing effective solutions, it aims to minimize the occurrence of structural defects, enhance safety, and promote a more resilient built environment. Keywords: Building Failure, Structural Integrity, Construction Practices, Building Regulations, Informal Construction, Irrua, Edo State.