Determination of Some Heavy Metals in Different Brands of Wheat Flour Obtained from Selected Markets in Kaduna Metropolis

ABSTRACT Wheat flour is a staple food and a key source of nutrients worldwide, commonly used in bread and levels ranged from 1.20 µg/g to 4.00 µg/g, with Mama Gold slightly exceeding the permissible certain brands contained heavy metal levels that could pose health risks with prolonged 22.5 µg/g, with Mama Gold recording the highest concentration. Lead concentrations varied aimed to determine the concentration of heavy metals in different brands of wheat flour obtained limitof 3.0 µg/g set by WHO and SON. Zinc was found in concentrations ranging from 17.35 µg/g concentrations of heavy metals across the sampled brands. Nickel levels ranged from 15.0 µg/g to between 3.35 µg/g and 14.20 µg/g, with Supreme wheat flour showing the highest level. Cadmium various locations, and the concentrations of lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), detectable levels.The findings suggest that while most samples were withinpermissible limits, consumption. Contamination may be attributed to environmental factors such as soil quality, other pastries. However, contamination with heavy metals poses potential health risks. This study to 28.70 µg/g, while chromium was detected in lower amounts, with some samples showing non fertilizer application, and industrial pollution. Regular monitoring of heavy metal contamination from selected markets in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria. Wheat flour samples were collected from and nickel (Ni) were analyzed using standard laboratory techniques.The results revealed varying in wheat flour is recommended to ensure food safety and protect public health.