Fungal Analysis of Ready-Made Bread Sold in Funtua

Student: Muhammad Umar (Project, 2025)
Department of Animal and Environmental Biology
Umaru Musa Yaradua University, Katsina, Katsina State

Abstract

This study focuses on the fungal analysis of ready-made bread sold in Funtua, with the aim of identifying and characterizing fungal contaminants that may affect the quality and safety of bread consumed in the area. Bread, being a highly perishable food product with rich nutrient content, provides a suitable environment for fungal growth, particularly under poor storage and handling conditions. Samples of bread were collected from different bakeries and retail outlets within Funtua and subjected to microbiological examination using standard mycological techniques. The isolated fungi were identified based on their cultural, morphological, and microscopic characteristics. Common genera such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopus, and Mucor were predominantly detected. The presence of these fungi indicates possible post-baking contamination and inadequate hygienic practices during production, packaging, or storage. The findings highlight the need for improved sanitary measures, better packaging, and proper storage conditions to reduce fungal contamination in bread sold in Funtua. This research contributes to public health awareness and emphasizes the importance of routine quality control in the local bread industry.

Keywords
fungal analysis ready-made bread funtua
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