Development of an Internet of Things-Based Smart Energy Management System

Energy efficiency is an increasingly critical concern, especially in developing regions where the power supply is often unstable and costly. Traditional electrical sockets lack intelligent control, resulting in unnecessary energy consumption, particularly in shared spaces such as classrooms, offices, and homes. This project addresses this challenge by designing and implementing an IoT-based Smart Energy Management System that automates and optimises electricity usage in real time. The system is built using an ESP32 microcontroller connected to a PIR motion sensor, a PZEM-004T energy meter, and relay modules, and programmed using PlatformIO within Visual Studio Code. A user-friendly mobile interface was created on the Blynk platform, enabling users to monitor voltage, current, and energy consumption, set threshold values, and define how long the light remains on after motion is detected. The system also sends push notifications and email alerts when motion is detected or when energy usage exceeds or falls below preset thresholds. Users can remotely switch off connected appliances through the app, ensuring greater control and safety. Field testing at Elizade University demonstrated an average of 34% energy consumption reduction, smart socket had a voltage range of 228.8-229.5 V and current of 0.196-0.201 A. The motion-triggered activation response accuracy was 90%. The results confirm the system's potential to promote smarter energy habits, improve power management, and reduce electricity waste. This project contributes to the broader goal of sustainable energy practices by integrating low-cost automation, real-time feedback, and user-centred control into everyday energy systems.